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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
10:06

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Deadly splicing: Bax becomes Almighty.

Hyungjin Kim1, James J-D Hsieh, Emily H-Y Cheng

  • 1Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Molecular Cell
|February 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study identifies Baxbeta, a constantly active form of Bax, which initiates programmed cell death. Its activity is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, a key cellular process.

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Examining BCL-2 Family Function with Large Unilamellar Vesicles
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Examining BCL-2 Family Function with Large Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: October 5, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
10:06

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Examining BCL-2 Family Function with Large Unilamellar Vesicles
08:35

Examining BCL-2 Family Function with Large Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: October 5, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The activation of Bax and Bak proteins by BH3-only molecules is a critical step in initiating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.
  • Understanding the regulation of these pro-apoptotic factors is crucial for comprehending cell death mechanisms.

Discussion:

  • Fu et al. (2009) report the discovery of Baxbeta, a constitutively active isoform of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax.
  • This Baxbeta isoform's activity is demonstrated to be under strict regulation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
  • This finding sheds light on novel regulatory mechanisms controlling apoptosis.

Key Insights:

  • Identification of Baxbeta, a constitutively active Bax isoform.
  • Demonstration of ubiquitin-proteasome system control over Baxbeta activity.
  • Elucidation of a new layer of regulation in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into Baxbeta's role in various physiological and pathological conditions.
  • Exploring therapeutic strategies targeting the Baxbeta-ubiquitin-proteasome axis in diseases involving aberrant apoptosis.
  • Understanding the structural and functional differences between Baxbeta and other Bax isoforms.