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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

On-chip spectro-detection for fully integrated coherent beam combiners.

Pierre Kern1, Etienne Le Coärer, Pierre Benech

  • 1Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS, Grenoble, France. Pierre.Kern@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr

Optics Express
|February 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Integrated photonics and new detectors enable advanced astrophysical interferometry. The Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (SWIFTS) offers full spectral and spatial data with photo-counting capabilities, expanding observational limits.

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Astrophysical instrumentation
  • Optical engineering
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Coherent beam combination is crucial for astrophysical interferometry.
  • On-chip beam combiners have been demonstrated, but advancements are needed for enhanced spectral and spatial information retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an integrated instrument for coherent beam combination using novel photonics and detection technologies.
  • To introduce and validate the Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (SWIFTS) concept for simultaneous spectral and spatial information acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Development and demonstration of on-chip coherent beam combiners.
  • Implementation of the SWIFTS concept utilizing advanced detection principles, including photo-counting.
  • Design of integrated optics for pair-wise and multi-beam (up to 8 beams) combination.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated feasibility of integrated on-chip beam combiners for astrophysical interferometry.
  • SWIFTS concept provides simultaneous full spectral and spatial information with a motionless detector.
  • Photo-counting capabilities significantly extend the domain of interferometric investigation.
  • Three practical implementations showcased, including an 8-beam combination, all resulting in pair-wise baseline coding after processing.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed photonic instrument, particularly SWIFTS, offers a powerful and versatile solution for advanced astrophysical interferometry.
  • This technology enables enhanced fringe tracking, sensitive detection, and efficient spectral reconstruction for a large number of beams.
  • The integrated approach simplifies complex interferometric systems and pushes the boundaries of astronomical observation.