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Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

Acne Infection

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...

Smallpox

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Reticular Dermis

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Model for Experimental Exposure of Humans to Larval Ixodes scapularis Ticks

A Model for Experimental Exposure of Humans to Larval Ixodes scapularis Ticks

Published on: December 1, 2023

[Scabies].

¹Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany. christian.hafner@klinik.uni-regensburg.de

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete

|February 4, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scabies is an itchy skin infection caused by mites. Diagnosis involves finding mites or their products, with topical permethrin as the primary treatment.

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Infectious Diseases
Parasitology

Context:

Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis.
Transmission primarily occurs through close personal contact.
The condition presents with characteristic burrows and intense itching, often accompanied by secondary eczema.

Purpose:

To review current knowledge on scabies, covering epidemiology, biology, immunology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
To provide an overview of diagnostic methods, including mite detection and dermatoscopy.
To discuss therapeutic strategies, highlighting topical permethrin and oral ivermectin.

Summary:

Scabies diagnosis is confirmed by detecting mites, eggs, or feces, with dermatoscopy aiding identification.
Topical permethrin is the first-line treatment for most scabies cases.
Oral ivermectin is reserved for specific indications.

Impact:

This review consolidates current understanding of scabies, aiding clinicians in diagnosis and management.
It emphasizes evidence-based treatment guidelines for effective scabies control.
The article serves as a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals dealing with scabies infestations.