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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Synthesis of Hierarchical ZnO/CdSSe Heterostructure Nanotrees
06:50

Synthesis of Hierarchical ZnO/CdSSe Heterostructure Nanotrees

Published on: November 29, 2016

A novel threefold-interpenetrating primitive cubic network based on a dinuclear Zn2 node.

Yun Peng Diao1, Kun Li, Shan Shan Huang

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|February 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study details a novel zinc-based metal-organic framework with a unique threefold interpenetrating network. This porous material exhibits an alpha-polonium topology and large internal cavities, suggesting potential applications in materials science.

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Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

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Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
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Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

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Synthesis of Hierarchical ZnO/CdSSe Heterostructure Nanotrees
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Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
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Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials constructed from metal ions and organic linkers.
  • Mixed-ligand MOFs offer tunable properties through the combination of different organic components.
  • Understanding the topological structures of MOFs is crucial for predicting their potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel mixed-ligand metal-organic polymeric compound containing zinc(II).
  • To elucidate the crystal structure, including the secondary building units (SBUs) and network topology.
  • To investigate the three-dimensional framework's porosity and interpenetration characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the precise atomic arrangement.
  • Analysis of the coordination environment around the Zn(II) ions.
  • Topological analysis to describe the extended network structure and interpenetration.

Main Results:

  • A novel mixed-ligand zinc(II) MOF, [Zn(2)(bdc)(2)(bib)](n), was synthesized, featuring terephthalic acid (H(2)bdc) and 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)benzene (bib) ligands.
  • The crystal structure reveals a dinuclear SBU [Zn(2)(CO(2))(2)N(2)O(2)] forming a 2D (4,4)-layer, pillared by bib ligands into a 3D framework.
  • The framework exhibits a threefold interpenetrating network with an alpha-polonium topology, possessing large cavities (approx. 10 x 13 x 17 Å).

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized compound represents a novel example of a threefold interpenetrating metal-organic framework.
  • The observed structure, characterized by its cubic framework and large cavities, highlights the potential for porosity.
  • The study contributes to the understanding of complex network topologies in mixed-ligand MOFs.