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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma

Published on: January 9, 2019

Review article composite lymphoma.

Nadia M Mokhtar¹

¹The Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.

Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute

|February 5, 2009

Summary

Composite lymphoma (CL) is a rare condition involving two or more distinct lymphoma types in one site. Accurate diagnosis is crucial due to varied prognoses and treatments for this complex lymphoma.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Composite lymphoma (CL) is defined as two or more distinct lymphoma types occurring at a single anatomic site, either concurrently or sequentially.
Unlike lymphoma transformation, CL requires proof of two distinct clones via morphological and laboratory tests.
The pathogenesis of CL is complex and multifactorial, with theories including clonal selection, genomic instability, common precursor cells, and viral factors like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical significance of composite lymphoma.
To highlight the increasing identification of CL due to advancements in molecular diagnostics.
To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis for appropriate patient management and understanding clonal evolution.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma

Published on: January 9, 2019

Main Methods:

Morphological assessment confirmed by various laboratory tests including immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, PCR, cytogenetics, FISH, in-situ hybridization, DNA sequencing, and cDNA microarray.
Laser capture microdissection enhances diagnostic accuracy.
Review of reported combinations of CL, such as multiple B-cell lymphomas, B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

Main Results:

Composite lymphoma is increasingly identified, necessitating careful diagnostic evaluation.
Multiple combinations of lymphoma types can occur within a single anatomic site.
Accurate diagnosis is critical as different lymphoma subtypes within CL have distinct natural histories, prognoses, and treatment requirements.

Conclusions:

Advancements in molecular diagnostics are leading to more frequent identification of composite lymphoma.
Accurate diagnosis of CL is essential for tailoring treatment and predicting patient outcomes.
Studying CL cases provides insights into the pathogenic mechanisms and clonal evolution in lymphoma development.