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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Regeneration of Arrayed Gold Microelectrodes Equipped for a Real-Time Cell Analyzer

Regeneration of Arrayed Gold Microelectrodes Equipped for a Real-Time Cell Analyzer

Published on: March 12, 2018

Electrochemical gene-function analysis for single cells with addressable microelectrode/microwell arrays.

Zhenyu Lin¹, Yasufumi Takahashi, Tatsuya Murata

¹Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|February 5, 2009

Summary

Researchers developed a novel electrochemical device to measure protein expression in single cells. This technology accurately quantifies enzyme levels in individual genetically engineered cells, enabling precise biological analysis.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Monitoring protein expression is crucial for understanding cellular function and disease.
Existing methods often lack the resolution to analyze protein levels at the single-cell level.
Genetically engineered cells offer a model system to study specific protein functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate an addressable electrochemical device for single-cell protein expression analysis.
To validate the device's capability in detecting varying levels of a specific enzyme.
To assess the utility of the device for genetically engineered cell monitoring.

Main Methods:

Construction of an addressable electrochemical device with orthogonally arranged electrodes.
Utilizing redox cycling as the detection mechanism for enzymatic activity.
Transfection of HeLa cells with a plasmid encoding secreted alkaline phosphatase.
Single-cell level electrochemical measurements of enzyme expression.

Main Results:

The electrochemical device successfully monitored protein expression at the single-cell level.
Redox cycling measurements accurately reflected differential expression levels of secreted alkaline phosphatase.
The device demonstrated specificity and sensitivity for enzyme detection in individual cells.

Conclusions:

The developed addressable electrochemical device is effective for single-cell protein expression analysis.
This technology provides a valuable tool for studying cellular heterogeneity and gene expression.
The platform holds potential for applications in diagnostics and drug discovery.