3D finite element model of biofilm detachment using real biofilm structures from CLSM data

In this work, a three-dimensional model of fluid-structure interactions (FSI) in biofilm systems is developed in order to simulate biofilm detachment as a result of mechanical processes. Therein, fluid flow past the biofilm surface results in a mechanical load on the structure which in turn causes internal stresses in the biofilm matrix. When the strength of the matrix is exceeded parts of the structure are detached. The model is used to investigate the influence of several parameters related to the mechanical strength of the biofilm matrix, Young's modulus, Reynolds number, and biofilm structure on biofilm detachment. Variations in biofilm strength and flow conditions significantly influence the simulation outcome. With respect to structural properties the model is widely independent from a change of Young's modulus. A further result of this work indicates that the change of biofilm structure due to growth or other processes will significantly change the stress distribution in the biofilm and thereby the detachment rate. An increase of the mechanical load by increasing fluid flow results in a flat surface of the remaining biofilm structure. It is concluded that the change of structure during biofilm development is the key determinant in terms of the detachment behavior.