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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Inhibition of CDK Activity02:34

Inhibition of CDK Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

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A thyroid hormone deiodinase inhibitor can decrease cutaneous cell proliferation in vitro.

Joshua D Safer1, Kelly Persons, Michael F Holick

  • 1Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. jsafer@bu.edu

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|February 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Iopanoic acid inhibits skin cell growth by blocking the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3). Supplemental T3 can reverse this effect, indicating T3

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology and Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction classically presents with skin changes, yet thyroid hormone's therapeutic potential in dermatology remains underexplored.
  • Thyroid hormone deiodinases in skin convert pro-hormone thyroxine (T4) to active triiodothyronine (T3), essential for keratinocyte and fibroblast growth.
  • The deiodinase inhibitor iopanoic acid (IOP) was investigated for its effects on cutaneous cell proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if iopanoic acid (IOP) inhibits human skin cell proliferation.
  • To determine if IOP's effect is due to blocking the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3).

Main Methods:

  • Primary human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were cultured.
  • Cells were incubated overnight with varying concentrations of iopanoic acid (IOP).
  • The effect of supplemental T3 and T4 on IOP-treated cells was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Iopanoic acid (IOP) significantly inhibited proliferation in both keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner.
  • Adding triiodothyronine (T3) reversed the inhibitory effect of IOP on cell proliferation.
  • Adding thyroxine (T4) did not restore proliferation in IOP-treated cells.

Conclusions:

  • Iopanoic acid (IOP) inhibits cutaneous cell proliferation, likely by blocking intracellular T4 to T3 conversion.
  • Supplemental T3 can partially overcome IOP-induced proliferation inhibition, supporting T3's necessity for skin cell growth.
  • These findings indirectly suggest the presence of type 1 or type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase activity in skin cells.