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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

Releasing the spindle assembly checkpoint without tension.

Bruce F McEwen1, Yimin Dong

  • 1Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA. bruce.mcewen@wadsworth.org

The Journal of Cell Biology
|February 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures accurate cell division. New research shows SAC release relies on internal kinetochore changes, not stretching between sister kinetochores.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
  • It prevents anaphase onset when kinetochore-microtubule attachments are incorrect.
  • While SAC's inhibitory mechanisms are known, the triggers for SAC release remain unclear.

Discussion:

  • This study investigates the molecular events leading to SAC release.
  • It challenges the traditional view that tension between sister kinetochores is the primary trigger.
  • Instead, it proposes that molecular rearrangements within the kinetochore itself are key.

Key Insights:

  • SAC release is dependent on internal molecular rearrangements at the kinetochore.
  • This finding shifts the understanding of checkpoint regulation.

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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
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Published on: September 13, 2022

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Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast

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  • It highlights the dynamic nature of kinetochore-microtubule interactions.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the specific molecular players involved in these rearrangements.
    • Understanding SAC release mechanisms could lead to new therapeutic targets for aneuploidy-related diseases.
    • This work provides a foundation for dissecting kinetochore dynamics during cell division.