Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A prototype differential atom interferometer for fundamental physics.

Nature·2026
Same author

Inclusive Search for Anomalous Single-Photon Production in MicroBooNE.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Bouldering-related trauma: Injury patterns and operative burden over 10 years at a UK major trauma centre.

Injury·2026
Same author

Dual-action antibacterial mechanism of a ferrocene-pyrazoline hybrid: Michael acceptor electrophilicity and redox-active nonclassical bonding.

Biophysical chemistry·2026
Same author

First Search for Dark Sector e^{+}e^{-} Explanations of the MiniBooNE Anomaly at MicroBooNE.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Inter- and intra-rater reliability of two aquatic safety skill assessment tools.

JSAMS plus·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.

R R Kapoor1, S E Flanagan, C James

  • 1Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|February 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) is a critical condition in newborns caused by unregulated insulin secretion. Prompt diagnosis and management are vital to prevent brain damage and neurodevelopmental issues.

More Related Videos

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
11:10

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

Published on: November 16, 2011

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
11:10

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

Published on: November 16, 2011

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) is the most common cause of persistent severe hypoglycemia in newborns.
  • Unregulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells leads to HH, a major risk factor for brain injury and neurodevelopmental handicap.
  • Early identification, diagnosis, and management of HH are crucial to prevent adverse neurological outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnostic cascade, molecular mechanisms, and management of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.
  • To focus on the severe congenital forms of hyperinsulinism.
  • To highlight recent advances impacting the clinical approach to infants with congenital HH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic approaches for hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.
  • Discussion of underlying molecular mechanisms.
  • Overview of management strategies, including advances in imaging and surgery.

Main Results:

  • Advances in molecular genetics, (18F)DOPA-PET scanning, and laparoscopic surgery have transformed the management of congenital HH.
  • The review outlines the diagnostic pathway and therapeutic options for HH.
  • Understanding molecular mechanisms aids in targeted management.

Conclusions:

  • Congenital hyperinsulinism requires a multidisciplinary approach involving genetics, advanced imaging, and minimally invasive surgery.
  • Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential for optimal patient outcomes.
  • Continued research into molecular mechanisms will further refine treatment strategies for hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.