Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Dr. Nathan C. Hull (September 24, 1981-August 27, 2025).

Pediatric radiology·2025

Same author

Cardiac hemangioma mimicking a neuroendocrine tumor on <sup>68</sup> Ga Dotatate PET/CT.

Journal of cardiac surgery·2022

Same author

Equivocal Reporting in Pediatric US Does Not Decrease Clinical Certainty.

Radiology·2016

Same author

Disorders of sex development-when and how to tell the patient.

Pediatric endocrinology reviews : PER·2011

Same author

Pediatric DXA: technique, interpretation and clinical applications.

Pediatric radiology·2008

Same author

Early detection of recurrent pediatric adrenal cortical carcinoma using FDG-PET.

Clinical nuclear medicine·2008

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Update on pediatric bone health.

Maria J Henwood¹, Larry Binkovitz

¹Metabolic Bone Disease Clinic, Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio 43205-2664, USA. maria.henwood@nationwidechildren.org

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

|February 6, 2009

Summary

Osteoporosis is not just an adult disease. Children and adolescents with certain health conditions face risks to their bone health, requiring targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Endocrinology
Skeletal Health Research
Bone Metabolism

Background:

Osteoporosis is traditionally viewed as a condition affecting older adults.
Chronic illnesses, primary bone disorders, and nutritional deficiencies can impair skeletal health in pediatric populations.
Understanding pediatric bone health is crucial for long-term well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

To review normal skeletal development in children and adolescents.
To identify risk factors associated with low bone mineral density in the pediatric population.
To outline prevention and treatment strategies for optimizing pediatric bone health.

Main Methods:

Literature review of normal skeletal development.
Analysis of risk factors for low bone mineral density in children.

More Related Videos

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

Synthesis of current prevention and treatment guidelines for pediatric osteoporosis.

Main Results:

Skeletal development continues through adolescence, with significant bone mass accrual.
Key risk factors include chronic diseases (e.g., cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease), genetic disorders, and inadequate nutrition.
Early identification and intervention are critical for managing pediatric bone health.

Conclusions:

Impaired skeletal health and low bone mineral density are significant concerns in children and adolescents.
A comprehensive approach addressing nutrition, physical activity, and medical management is necessary.
Optimizing bone health in youth is vital for preventing fractures and osteoporosis later in life.