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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Kazuhiro Yamamoto1, Yasushi Sakata, Tomohito Ohtani

  • 1The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan. kazuhiro@medone.med.osaka-u.ac.jp

Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society
|February 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) affects many, particularly older women. This review explores HFPEF diagnosis and treatment challenges, highlighting the need for clearer criteria and strategies.

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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

Published on: February 18, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is increasingly recognized due to its high prevalence.
  • HFPEF patients typically present as older females without left ventricular dilatation, distinct from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
  • Diastolic dysfunction, specifically ventricular stiffening, is a primary cause, but other organ dysfunctions also modulate the HFPEF phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge and identify gaps in understanding heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF).
  • To discuss the challenges in establishing diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for HFPEF.
  • To propose potential solutions for HFPEF diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF).
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics and etiological factors of HFPEF.
  • Discussion of diagnostic ambiguities and therapeutic limitations.

Main Results:

  • HFPEF is characterized by specific patient demographics and pathophysiology, including diastolic dysfunction.
  • Current diagnostic criteria for HFPEF are not well-established, leading to clinical confusion.
  • Effective therapeutic strategies for HFPEF are lacking.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant need for standardized diagnostic criteria for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF).
  • Further research is required to develop targeted and effective therapies for HFPEF.
  • Addressing the complexities of HFPEF is crucial given its substantial public health burden.