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Related Concept Videos

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Grignard Reaction02:00

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Grignard Reaction

Grignard reagents are one of the most commonly used reagents used to synthesize alcohols from carbonyl compounds. Grignard reagents are organomagnesium halides with a highly polar carbon–magnesium bond. Due to the partial ionic nature of the C–Mg bond, the carbon functions as a strong nucleophile and attacks electrophiles like carbonyl carbon.
Magnesium from the reagent coordinates with carbonyl oxygen, further reducing the carbonyl carbon's electron density. Thus, the carbonyl carbon is a...
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions02:15

Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions

Overview
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides02:48

Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides

This lesson delves into the conversion of alcohols to corresponding alkyl halides and the mechanism of action for different reagents. Typically, the hydroxyl group is first protonated to convert it to a stable leaving group. Consequently, based on the starting alcohol, the mechanism undergoes either of the nucleophilic substitution routes, SN1 or SN2. Tertiary alkyl halides are made using the two-step SN1 mechanism that occurs via a carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

[Brief intervention about alcohol use].

Patrice Couzigou1, Julien Vergniol, Mathurin Kowo

  • 1Service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie, Hôpital Haut Lévêque Pessac, F-33600 Bordeaux, France. patrice.couzigou@chu-bordeaux.fr

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|February 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brief interventions using motivational interviewing techniques effectively reduce harmful alcohol consumption in at-risk individuals. This 5-20 minute approach leads to sustained behavioral changes, lowering daily intake by one glass for 30% of patients.

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Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
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A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
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A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Context:

  • Focuses on individuals with harmful or at-risk alcohol consumption, not alcohol-dependent patients.
  • Targets an estimated 4 million at-risk individuals in France, particularly men.
  • Utilizes brief intervention strategies lasting 5 to 20 minutes.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of brief interventions in reducing harmful alcohol consumption.
  • To demonstrate the long-term effectiveness of motivational interviewing techniques.
  • To provide evidence supporting the integration of these interventions into healthcare practices.

Summary:

  • Randomized studies and meta-analyses confirm the efficacy of brief interventions.
  • A mean reduction of one alcoholic drink per day is observed.
  • Approximately 30% of individuals reduce consumption to moderate levels, with sustained effects for at least 4 years.

Impact:

  • Significant reduction in alcohol consumption for at-risk populations.
  • Potential for widespread public health benefits by modifying drinking behaviors.
  • Highlights the importance of brief interventions for healthcare providers to consider.