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Related Concept Videos

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group effort.
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Self-Concept01:19

Self-Concept

Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
During infancy, self-concept is virtually nonexistent. Babies do not distinguish themselves as separate entities and often mistake their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
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Published on: March 1, 2019

Conceptualization about internalizing problems in children and adolescents.

Paul Wilkinson1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK. pow12@cam.ac.uk

Ciencia & Saude Coletiva
|February 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review explores internalizing disorders, focusing on depressive and anxiety disorders. It highlights their shared features and distinct characteristics using modern research data.

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Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
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Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Internalizing disorders encompass a range of conditions characterized by inward-focused distress.
  • Depressive and anxiety disorders are the primary categories within internalizing disorders.
  • Understanding the relationship between these disorders is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept and classification of internalizing disorders.
  • To delineate the commonalities and differences between depressive and anxiety disorders.
  • To explore the placement of internalizing disorders in future diagnostic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of modern studies.
  • Analysis of data on symptom factor analysis.
  • Examination of etiological, treatment, and prognostic factors.

Main Results:

  • Internalizing disorders share significant commonalities.
  • Key differences exist between depressive and anxiety disorders.
  • Current data informs their distinct and overlapping features.

Conclusions:

  • Internalizing disorders present a complex diagnostic challenge.
  • Further research is needed to refine their classification.
  • This review contributes to the ongoing discussion on diagnostic schemes.