Glaucoma screening of patients with and without dementia

Glaucoma's damage to peripheral vision compromises mobility to a greater extent than ocular pathology limiting central vision. Half of glaucoma is undiagnosed, as the majority of primary care physicians do not screen for glaucoma. Glaucoma is more prevalent in older adults with dementia than without dementia. This study tested the hypothesis that, in adults 60 and older with dementia, glaucoma screening failure is significantly higher than without dementia. An observational cross-sectional research design with a categorical outcome variable was used. Potential participants/caregivers were questioned regarding glaucoma diagnosis and treatment. Those denying glaucoma or treatment qualified for free screening. Participants (n = 103) were 75% African American (75 females, 28 males, average age 75 +/- 7.59). Thirty-three had dementia. Referral rate with dementia was significantly higher than without dementia (54% vs. 27%, chi(2) = 7.32, p = 0.0007) (95% CI = 0.304-0.816), affirming the study hypothesis. Lack of glaucoma screening and treatment follow-up by a majority of primary care physicians treating geriatric patients demonstrates a need for medical professionals to address function, particularly mobility, to discuss glaucoma's effects with patients/caregivers, and to consider measuring intraocular pressure.