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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...
Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions
09:49

Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions

Published on: January 31, 2018

Screening for autologous blood transfusions.

J Mørkeberg1, B Belhage, M Ashenden

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark. jakobmoerkeberg@hotmail.com

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|February 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The hemoglobin ratio in red blood cells to reticulocytes effectively detects autologous blood doping after reinfusion. This ratio shows promise as a superior screening marker for detecting blood doping in athletes.

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Detection of Residual Donor Erythroid Progenitor Cells after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Hemoglobinopathies
11:59

Detection of Residual Donor Erythroid Progenitor Cells after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Hemoglobinopathies

Published on: September 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Hematology
  • Anti-Doping Research

Background:

  • The hemoglobin ratio between mature erythrocytes and reticulocytes (RBCHb:RetHb) is a potential marker for detecting erythropoietin (EPO) abuse.
  • Autologous blood doping, involving the reinfusion of stored blood, may significantly alter this ratio.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of the RBCHb:RetHb ratio in screening for autologous blood doping.
  • To assess the impact of blood storage conditions on the RBCHb:RetHb ratio post-reinfusion.

Main Methods:

  • 16 male subjects underwent withdrawal and subsequent reinfusion of three blood units after storage at -80°C or +4°C.
  • Erythrocyte parameters, including the RBCHb:RetHb ratio, were monitored serially.
  • Control subjects were included for comparison.

Main Results:

  • The RBCHb:RetHb ratio showed significant alterations post-reinfusion, with higher percentages of 'suspicious' and 'positive' samples in the -80°C storage group.
  • 35.4% (-80 T) and 19.6% (+4 T) of samples were 'suspicious', while 18.8% (-80 T) and 4.3% (+4 T) were 'positive'.
  • Overall, 43.8% of subjects had at least one sample exceeding the 'positive' threshold.

Conclusions:

  • The RBCHb:RetHb ratio is a highly effective indicator for detecting autologous blood doping after blood reinfusion.
  • This ratio demonstrates superior performance compared to existing indirect markers for autologous blood doping detection.
  • Further validation of stability is recommended before implementation in anti-doping testing protocols.