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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
Published on: October 17, 2018
Time trial exertion traits of cycling's Grand Tours
C P Earnest1, C Foster, J Hoyos
1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Exercise Biology Laboratory, Baton Rouge, 70808, USA. Conrad.Earnest@pbrc.edu
Abstract:
We examined 26 professional riders during time trial (TT) competitions of the Grand Tours of cycling (Tour de France and Vuelta Espana; 1997-2003) for the exertional characteristics of contending vs. non-contending (i.e., support) riders. We categorized HR time during TT into training impulse (TRIMP) defined from seasonal VO2max testing [Phase I (
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