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Related Concept Videos

American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
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Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
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Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
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Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
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Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

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In Vitro Drug Screening Against All Life Cycle Stages of Trypanosoma cruzi Using Parasites Expressing &#946;-galactosidase
08:48

In Vitro Drug Screening Against All Life Cycle Stages of Trypanosoma cruzi Using Parasites Expressing β-galactosidase

Published on: November 5, 2021

[Chagas disease].

M Develoux1, F-X Lescure, G Le Loup

  • 1Service de parasitologie, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France. michel.develoux@sat.aphp.fr

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|February 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions. Early treatment of asymptomatic individuals could prevent chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy, highlighting the need for new therapies and diagnostics.

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Parasite Induced Genetically Driven Autoimmune Chagas Heart Disease in the Chicken Model

Published on: July 29, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tropical Medicine

Context:

  • Chagas disease (human American trypanosomiasis) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.
  • Transmission occurs via Triatoma insect vectors, blood transfusions, organ transplants, and congenitally.
  • While acute infection is often asymptomatic, a chronic phase can develop, affecting approximately one-third of infected individuals.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the current understanding of Chagas disease, its transmission, clinical manifestations, and treatment challenges.
  • To emphasize the need for improved diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies.
  • To highlight the growing public health concern of Chagas disease as an imported infection in non-endemic regions.

Summary:

  • Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted primarily by insects and other routes like blood transfusion.
  • Most infections are asymptomatic, but chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) develops in about a third, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Current treatments (benznidazole, nifurtimox) have limitations, necessitating research into new drugs and better diagnostic tests.

Impact:

  • Early intervention in asymptomatic cases may reduce the progression to chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy.
  • Increased global migration has led to Chagas disease becoming an emerging imported illness in North America and Europe.
  • Developing policies to prevent transmission via blood and organ donation is crucial in non-endemic countries.