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Related Concept Videos

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:28

Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Three-dimensional Super Resolution Microscopy of F-actin Filaments by Interferometric PhotoActivated Localization Microscopy (iPALM)
11:57

Three-dimensional Super Resolution Microscopy of F-actin Filaments by Interferometric PhotoActivated Localization Microscopy (iPALM)

Published on: December 1, 2016

Interferometric fluorescent super-resolution microscopy resolves 3D cellular ultrastructure.

Gleb Shtengel1, James A Galbraith, Catherine G Galbraith

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy (iPALM) achieves sub-20-nm 3D protein localization, bridging electron microscopy resolution with light microscopy specificity for cellular nanoarchitecture.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Three-dimensional Super Resolution Microscopy of F-actin Filaments by Interferometric PhotoActivated Localization Microscopy (iPALM)
11:57

Three-dimensional Super Resolution Microscopy of F-actin Filaments by Interferometric PhotoActivated Localization Microscopy (iPALM)

Published on: December 1, 2016

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Three-dimensional Imaging of Bacterial Cells for Accurate Cellular Representations and Precise Protein Localization
06:33

Three-dimensional Imaging of Bacterial Cells for Accurate Cellular Representations and Precise Protein Localization

Published on: October 29, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Determining molecular-scale cellular architecture requires precise 3D protein localization.
  • Current electron and light microscopy methods face limitations in molecular specificity or resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy (iPALM) for high-resolution 3D protein imaging.
  • Achieve sub-20-nm localization accuracy with molecular specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Combined photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) with single-photon, simultaneous multiphase interferometry.
  • Utilized iPALM to image cellular structures and protein organization.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated sub-20-nm 3D protein localization accuracy.
  • Measured microtubule diameter (25 nm) and resolved plasma membranes.
  • Visualized integrin receptor arrangement in endoplasmic reticulum and adhesion complexes.

Conclusions:

  • iPALM provides unprecedented resolution and molecular specificity for cellular nanoarchitecture.
  • Bridges the gap between electron tomography and light microscopy.
  • Enables detailed visualization of 3D protein organization within cells.