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Related Concept Videos

Plasmids01:28

Plasmids

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
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Diversity of Archaea IV

Hyperthermophilic archaea are a group of extremophiles thriving at temperatures above 80°C, often in hydrothermal vents and volcanic soils where conditions surpass the boiling point of water. At such temperatures, proteins, membranes, and DNA in most organisms degrade, but hyperthermophiles have evolved remarkable adaptations to maintain stability and function.Unique Cellular FeaturesHyperthermophilic membranes are composed of a monolayer of biphytanyl tetraether lipids, which resist thermal...
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Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota01:26

Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota

The phylum Verrucomicrobiota comprises at least four characterized orders, with most species classified within the order Verrucomicrobiotales. Members of this phylum are either aerobic or facultatively aerobic, with the ability to ferment sugars. A notable exception is the genus Methylacidiphilum, which consists of aerobic methanotrophs. Additionally, some Verrucomicrobiota establish symbiotic relationships with protists. These bacteria are widely distributed across various environments,...
Diversity of Archaea III01:27

Diversity of Archaea III

Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like environments.Morphological...
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Diversity of Protists III

Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...

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Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
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Plasmid diversity in Vibrio vulnificus biotypes.

Francisco J Roig1, Carmen Amaro1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.

Microbiology (Reading, England)
|February 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Plasmids are common in Vibrio vulnificus, a bacteria dangerous to humans and fish. This study analyzed plasmid content across strains, identifying specific plasmids linked to virulence and conjugation, crucial for understanding bacterial genetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Vibrio vulnificus is a significant human and fish pathogen.
  • Virulence, particularly in fish, is associated with a transmissible plasmid.
  • Understanding plasmid diversity is key to V. vulnificus pathogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the plasmid profiles of diverse Vibrio vulnificus strains from three biotypes.
  • To identify conjugative and virulence plasmids using molecular techniques.
  • To investigate the genetic basis of virulence and plasmid transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Southern hybridization with specific probes.
  • Sequence analysis of selected gene markers (traD, traI, vep07).
  • Plasmid profiling of 112 V. vulnificus strains.

Main Results:

  • Identified 28 distinct plasmid profiles, often biotype- or serovar-specific.
  • Biotype 2 strains consistently harbored a 68-70 kb virulence plasmid and a 52-56 kb conjugative plasmid.
  • A 48 kb conjugative plasmid was found in Biotype 1 and all Biotype 3 strains.
  • The vep07 gene is essential for fish virulence, and 48-56 kb plasmids resemble F-plasmids.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmids are prevalent in V. vulnificus and contribute to its genetic diversity.
  • Specific plasmids are linked to virulence and conjugation capabilities.
  • Plasmid analysis provides insights into V. vulnificus pathogenicity and evolution.