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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

A re-emerging infection?

Charles Broy1, Nicole Williamson, Joseph Morris

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA. charles.broy@yahoo.com

Southern Medical Journal
|February 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Measles can occur in adults despite antibiotic use for other symptoms. Travel to endemic areas increases risk, highlighting the importance of vaccination and herd immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Measles (Morbillivirus) is a highly contagious viral illness.
  • Waning herd immunity and increased international travel contribute to measles resurgence.
  • Vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure.

Observation:

  • A 38-year-old female presented with a rash after amoxicillin treatment for respiratory symptoms.
  • The rash persisted despite antibiotic discontinuation, prompting further investigation.
  • The patient had recently traveled from China, a measles-endemic region.

Findings:

  • Measles was diagnosed via IgM antibody titers.
  • The patient had received only a single measles vaccination.
  • This case highlights measles risk in unvaccinated or under-vaccinated adults.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

Implications:

  • Adults traveling to or returning from measles-endemic areas are at risk.
  • The case underscores the need for updated vaccination status in adults.
  • Maintaining high vaccination rates is crucial for preventing measles outbreaks.