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Related Concept Videos

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Evolutionary Processes in Microbes01:26

Evolutionary Processes in Microbes

Microbial evolution occurs rapidly due to short generation times and a variety of genetic processes, including horizontal gene transfer, mutation, recombination, and genetic drift. These mechanisms collectively enable microbes to adapt swiftly to changing environments.Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows genes to move between different species and occurs through three main mechanisms: conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Conjugation involves direct cell-to-cell contact for DNA...
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
What is Evolutionary History?02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.Phylogenetic trees illustrate the evolutionary relationships among these organisms. Scientists infer organisms’ common ancestry by evaluating shared morphological and genetic characteristics. Together, the fossil...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
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Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli

Published on: August 18, 2023

Why should we care about molecular coevolution?

Francisco M Codoñer1, Mario A Fares

  • 1Evolutionary Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, University of Dublin, Trinity College.

Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online
|February 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding molecular coevolution is key, as non-independent amino acid site evolution limits traditional methods. New models address this, improving the detection of functional and structural relationships in proteins.

Keywords:
Molecular coevolutionMutual Information Contentnon-parametric methodsparametric methodsprotein-protein interactions

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
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Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
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Published on: May 29, 2008

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Non-independent evolution of amino acid sites poses a significant challenge for methods identifying selective constraints in proteins.
  • Existing approaches often fail to account for the correlated variability between amino acid sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and describe methods for analyzing molecular coevolution, addressing the limitation of site independence.
  • To highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various parametric and non-parametric approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion and brief description of existing mathematical models and computational tools for molecular coevolution analysis.
  • Categorization of methods into parametric and non-parametric approaches.

Main Results:

  • Molecular coevolution research is rapidly advancing with new models and methods.
  • These methods are applied to detect phylogenetic, functional, and structural coevolution, and identify protein-protein interaction sites.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing amino acid site non-independence is crucial for accurate evolutionary analysis.
  • A generalized framework is needed to fully leverage molecular coevolutionary insights for understanding protein function and structure.