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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Bacterial Gene Expression Analysis Using Microarrays

Bacterial Gene Expression Analysis Using Microarrays

Published on: May 28, 2007

Assessing the evolution of gene expression using microarray data.

Owen Z Woody¹, Andrew C Doxey, Brendan J McConkey

¹Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario Canada.

Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online

|February 11, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression evolution, particularly through gene duplication, is crucial for new traits. Analyzing gene regulation alongside mutations offers a more complete understanding of functional diversity.

Keywords:

functional evolution gene duplication gene expression microarrays

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Genomics
Molecular biology

Background:

Classical studies focused on protein-coding mutations for gene function evolution.
Microarrays enable evaluation of transcriptional activity as a key functional characteristic.
Gene regulation plays a significant role in the evolution and retention of duplicate genes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review methods for assessing gene expression evolution using microarray data.
To discuss factors influencing expression divergence.
To highlight the need for standardized approaches and mathematical models in studying expression divergence.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on gene expression evolution analysis.
Discussion of potential influences on expression divergence.
Exploration of integrative approaches for gene family evolution.

Main Results:

Gene expression divergence is an important factor in gene family evolution.
Current methods for quantifying expression divergence lack standardization.
Mathematical models incorporating influences on expression divergence are underdeveloped.

Conclusions:

Understanding gene expression evolution is vital for explaining complex traits and functional diversity.
An integrative approach considering both orthologous and paralogous genes enhances functional annotation and ancestral inference.
Further development in analyzing gene expression evolution is necessary for a comprehensive view of gene family evolution.