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Type 1 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis in infancy

Mallikarjun V Jali1, Vishwanath D Patil, Sujata M Jali

  • 1Diabetes Centre, K.L.E. Society's Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital & Medical Research Centre & J.N. Medical College Belgaum, Karnataka, India. drmvjali@gmail.com

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|February 12, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Type 1 diabetes mellitus, a rare condition in infants, was diagnosed in a 45-day-old Indian male presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis. The infant was successfully treated with continuous intravenous insulin infusion.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is typically diagnosed in older children and adolescents.
  • Infantile T1DM is exceptionally rare, with limited reported cases globally.
  • No prior literature documented T1DM in a 45-day-old infant within the Indian population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of T1DM in a neonate.
  • To highlight the presentation of T1DM as diabetic ketoacidosis in infancy.
  • To emphasize the successful management of infantile T1DM.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 45-day-old male infant presenting with symptoms of severe hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.
  • Initiation of continuous intravenous regular insulin infusion for glycemic control.
  • Monitoring of metabolic parameters and clinical response to treatment.

Main Results:

  • The infant was diagnosed with T1DM at 45 days of age, a highly unusual presentation.
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis was the initial clinical manifestation.
  • Continuous intravenous insulin infusion effectively managed the condition, stabilizing the infant's metabolic state.

Conclusions:

  • T1DM can occur in neonates, even at 45 days of age, challenging typical age-of-onset expectations.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt management with insulin are crucial for favorable outcomes in infantile T1DM.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering T1DM in infants presenting with ketoacidosis, particularly in diverse populations like India.

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