Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 25, 2026
Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
Published on: June 8, 2017
Submaximal arm crank ergometry: Effects of crank axis positioning on mechanical efficiency, physiological strain and
S van Drongelen1, J C Maas, A Scheel-Sailer
1Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland. stefan.vandrongelen@paranet.ch
Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of the spatial orientation of the crank axis on mechanical efficiency, physiological strain and perceived discomfort in submaximal synchronous arm crank ergometry.
Methods:
Twelve able-bodied individuals performed 12 submaximal exercise bouts of 3 minutes (women: 20 W/25 W; men: 25 W/35 W). The crank axis position was defined by elbow and shoulder angle.
Results:
The results showed that a crank set-up with an elbow angle of 30 degrees was more efficient than 15 degrees ; oxygen consumption and minute ventilation were significantly lower. No significant effects were seen for shoulder angle. Power output and gender showed obvious effects.
Discussion And Conclusion:
The magnitude of this effect and the absence of any significant shoulder angle effects may be due to the relative low exertion levels that were evaluated. An elbow angle of 30 degrees flexion in arm crank exercise is favourable compared to an elbow angle of 15 degrees in able-bodied untrained subjects.
