Functionalization of luminescent aminated particles for facile bioconjugation

For labeling proteins (streptavidin and fibronectin) by luminescent aminated nanoparticles, an interesting strategy that requires neither activation nor chemical pre- or post-treatment was explored. Because biomolecules are easily rendered luminescent after reaction with organic dyes carrying isothiocyanate moiety, phenylene diisothiocyanate (DITC) was used for covalently binding proteins onto luminescent hybrid gadolinium oxide nanoparticles whose ability to combine imaging and therapy was recently demonstrated.