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[Arthroderma onychocola plus Arthroderma quadrifidum on atopic eczema : An exceptional constellation that warrants interpretation].

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[Dynamic diversity of dermatophytes].

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Current knowledge of host response in human tinea.

J Brasch1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. jbrasch@dermatology.uni-kiel.de

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Dermatophyte skin infections, known as tinea, involve fungal attachment, germination, and overcoming skin barriers. Host immune responses, including inflammation and cellular defenses, are crucial for clearing these infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Tinea infections are caused by dermatophytes invading the skin.
  • Understanding host response mechanisms is key to managing these fungal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and factors involved in human tinea infections.
  • To delineate the host response to dermatophyte invasion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on tinea pathogenesis and host immunity.
  • Analysis of fungal invasion strategies and host defense pathways.

Main Results:

  • Dermatophytes attach, germinate, and breach the skin barrier using enzymes like keratinases.
  • Host response involves keratinocyte activation, inflammation via cytokines, and both innate and acquired immunity.
  • Cellular defenses are critical for infection clearance, with distinct patterns in nails and hair follicles.
  • Nails are less responsive to defense mechanisms, while pilosebaceous units may be influenced by steroid hormones.
  • Dermal invasion can trigger granulomatous reactions, and immune responses may cause distant sterile eruptions.

Conclusions:

  • Host immune responses, particularly cellular defenses, are decisive in clearing dermatophyte skin infections.
  • Specific anatomical sites like nails and hair follicles present unique challenges in tinea infection and treatment.