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Human poxvirus disease after smallpox eradication.

J G Breman, J H Nakano, E Coffi

    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |March 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A child in Ivory Coast contracted monkeypox, a disease similar to smallpox, years after smallpox eradication. This highlights the potential for zoonotic poxvirus transmission from animals to humans.

    Area of Science:

    • * Virology
    • * Epidemiology
    • * Zoonotic Diseases

    Background:

    • * Smallpox (variola virus) was declared eradicated globally in 1980.
    • * The Ivory Coast reported its last smallpox case in 1984.
    • * Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus.

    Observation:

    • * A 5-year-old boy in rural Ivory Coast presented with a smallpox-like illness in 1988.
    • * This case occurred 4 years after smallpox eradication in Ivory Coast and 1.5 years after the last known case in West and Central Africa.
    • * Clinical, serological, and epidemiological data suggested monkeypox as the diagnosis.

    Findings:

    • * A serologic survey revealed neutralizing antibodies against poxviruses in various wild animal populations, including rodents, larger mammals, primates, and birds.

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  • * This indicates a potential reservoir for poxviruses within the local wildlife.
  • * The findings suggest a possible zoonotic transmission event from animals to the child.

    • Implications:

    • * The study underscores the importance of continued surveillance for orthopoxviruses in both human and animal populations, even after smallpox eradication.
    • * Further research into the laboratory and ecological characteristics of animal poxviruses is crucial for understanding and preventing future zoonotic spillover events.
    • * This case provides early evidence of monkeypox in Ivory Coast, emphasizing the need for vigilance regarding emerging infectious diseases in West Africa.