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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...

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Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
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Published on: December 7, 2021

Simultaneous history reconstruction for complex gene clusters in multiple species.

Yu Zhang1, Giltae Song, Chih-Hao Hsu

  • 1Department of Statistics, 326 Thomas Building, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. yuzhang@stat.psu.edu

Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing
|February 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel statistical method for reconstructing the evolutionary history of gene families. The approach aids in understanding gene duplication and deletion events across species.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Genomic intervals with gene clusters are biologically significant but challenging to sequence and analyze.
  • Reconstructing the evolutionary history of these clusters involves inferring gene duplication, deletion, and speciation events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a new computational method for reconstructing the evolutionary scenarios of gene clusters across species.
  • To infer the evolutionary history of the CYP2 gene family using the developed method.

Main Methods:

  • The study employed Sequential Importance Sampling, a statistical technique, for reconstructing evolutionary histories.
  • The method was validated using simulated datasets and by analyzing the CYP2 gene family across multiple species.

Main Results:

  • The new method successfully reconstructed evolutionary scenarios from simulated data.
  • Comparison with standard phylogenetic methods for the CYP2 gene family demonstrated the utility of the new approach.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Sequential Importance Sampling-based method provides a robust approach for inferring gene cluster evolution.
  • This method can aid in understanding the complex evolutionary dynamics of gene families across different species.