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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Published on: December 17, 2017

Relation between inflammation and symptoms in asthma.

I Tillie-Leblond¹, D Montani, B Crestani

¹Respiratory Diseases Department, Hôpital Albert Calmette, Lille, France.

|February 13, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Asthma symptoms are linked to airway inflammation, particularly eosinophilic inflammation. Controlling inflammation with inhaled corticosteroids can improve symptom perception and reduce exacerbations.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

Published on: December 17, 2017

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Allergy and Immunology
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Asthma symptoms are a primary driver of healthcare use and a key metric for assessing asthma control.
Asthma is characterized as a chronic inflammatory condition.
The relationship between inflammation and symptom perception in asthma requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review the international literature on the association between inflammation and asthma symptoms.
To evaluate the impact of anti-inflammatory treatments on asthma control and symptom perception.
To explore the potential of inflammation-based monitoring strategies for asthma management.

Main Methods:

A critical review of existing international literature was conducted by a French expert group.
Studies examining induced sputum (polynuclear eosinophils) and exhaled nitric oxide (NO) were analyzed.
The review focused on the effects of anti-inflammatory treatments, particularly inhaled corticosteroids, on asthma control and symptom perception.

Main Results:

Uncontrolled asthma is associated with increased eosinophils in sputum and elevated exhaled nitric oxide (NO).
Anti-inflammatory treatment effectively reduces bronchial eosinophilia and exhaled NO.
Experimental data suggest a link between symptom perception and eosinophilic inflammation, which is improved by inhaled corticosteroid therapy.

Conclusions:

Asthma symptom perception is complex and influenced by various factors, including eosinophilic inflammation.
While not yet routine, inflammation-based monitoring may be more effective in reducing exacerbations than symptom-based approaches.
Inhaled corticosteroid therapy is the cornerstone for managing persistent asthma, and symptom-guided adjustments can effectively prevent exacerbations.