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Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
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Published on: March 21, 2018

Elective twin reductions: evidence and ethics.

Leah McClimans1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA. mccliman@gwm.sc.edu

Bioethics
|February 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elective twin reductions are ethically complex. New clinical evidence suggests they are similar to other multi-fetal reductions, but this evidence is value-laden and should not replace ethical deliberation.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Clinical Evidence

Background:

  • Elective twin reductions have historically divided ethical opinion.
  • Recent clinical evidence suggests twin pregnancies carry significant medical risks, similar to other multifetal gestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the role of clinical evidence in medical ethics, specifically concerning elective twin reductions.
  • To challenge the descriptive nature of empirical claims and their normative implications in ethical decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical evidence related to twin pregnancy risks.
  • Ethical examination of the role of empirical data in complex moral decisions.
  • Critique of how value-laden evidence can obscure ethical considerations.

Main Results:

  • Empirical claims regarding twin pregnancy risks are not purely descriptive but possess normative characteristics.
  • Clinical evidence, while informative, should not be the sole basis for ethical decisions in cases like elective reductions.

Conclusions:

  • Empirical evidence in medical ethics, particularly for elective procedures, can be value-laden and may obscure critical ethical considerations.
  • Ethical deliberation, rather than solely relying on clinical data, is essential for navigating complex moral decisions in reproductive medicine.