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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

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WITHDRAWN: Corrigendum to "NADPH oxidase 5 promotes adhesion and infiltration of immune cells in the brain. Implications in ischemic stroke" [Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis. (2026) volume 1872, issue 4, 168188].

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Modified In Vivo Matrix Gel Plug Assay for Angiogenesis Studies

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Genetics, epigenetics and pharmaco-(epi)genomics in angiogenesis.

Ian Buysschaert¹, Thomas Schmidt, Carmen Roncal

¹Vesalius Research Center, K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

|February 13, 2009

Summary

Genetic factors pre-determine blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). Variations like mutations, SNPs, and epigenetic changes influence angiogenesis in diseases such as cancer and macular degeneration, impacting treatment strategies.

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Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

Published on: March 30, 2019

Area of Science:

Vascular Biology
Genetics
Epigenetics

Background:

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is regulated by a balance of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors.
Genetic predisposition influences endothelial cell sensitivity and the angiogenic balance.
Tumor angiogenesis has been a primary focus, but genetic influences in other diseases are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of angiogenesis.
To understand how genetic variability impacts angiogenesis in various diseases.
To highlight the clinical relevance of genetic insights for anti-angiogenic therapies.

Main Methods:

Analysis of genetic variability, including mutations, translocations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and copy number alterations.
Investigation of epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
Examination of the role of microRNAs in regulating angiogenesis.

Main Results:

Genetic variations in angiogenic factors are linked to vascular malformations and hemangiomas.
SNPs are associated with complex disorders like cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes.
Epigenetic changes and microRNAs significantly influence angiogenic processes.

Conclusions:

Genetic and epigenetic factors play a crucial role in determining angiogenesis.
Understanding these genetic determinants is vital for developing effective anti-angiogenic strategies.
Future research will expand our knowledge of genetic variants in diverse diseases and their therapeutic implications.