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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
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Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility
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Published on: May 30, 2025

Developments and challenges in emergency contraception.

Kirsten I Black1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia. kblack@med.usyd.edu.au

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|February 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Emergency contraception (EC) methods prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. Levonorgestrel EC is more effective and accessible than older methods, but population-level impact on unintended pregnancy is not yet proven.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Emergency contraception (EC) methods are crucial for preventing pregnancy post-unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure.
  • Available EC options include oral medications and intra-uterine devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and accessibility of current emergency contraception methods.
  • To compare levonorgestrel-based EC with the Yuzpe regimen and copper intra-uterine devices (IUDs).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of emergency contraception efficacy and usage.
  • Comparison of side effect profiles and effectiveness of different EC formulations.
  • Assessment of over-the-counter availability and clinical consultation requirements.

Main Results:

  • Levonorgestrel EC demonstrates higher efficacy and fewer side effects compared to the Yuzpe regimen.
  • Copper IUDs provide superior pregnancy prevention over oral EC but necessitate clinical consultation.
  • Levonorgestrel EC is increasingly accessible over-the-counter globally.

Conclusions:

  • Levonorgestrel EC represents an advancement in emergency contraception accessibility and tolerability.
  • Despite advancements, the population-level impact of EC on reducing unintended pregnancies remains to be fully demonstrated.