Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

Regulation of Stroke Volume

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The broken care chain-report from a country with a low number of hospital beds.

Frontiers in health services·2025

Same author

Gender matters: factors important for quality of life in midlife after stroke.

Frontiers in neurology·2025

Same author

Close relatives' perspectives of everyday activities at home for older adults repeatedly readmitted to hospital: A qualitative study.

The British journal of occupational therapy·2025

Same author

Post-stroke fatigue: The role of comorbidities and its impact on quality of life.

BMC neurology·2025

Same author

Long-term Risk of Stroke in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based, Sibling-Controlled Cohort Study, 1969-2019.

Neurology·2023

Same author

Contribution of participation and resilience to quality of life among persons living with stroke in Sweden: a qualitative study.

International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Sex differences in stroke epidemiology: a systematic review.

Peter Appelros¹, Birgitta Stegmayr, Andreas Terént

¹Department of Neurology, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden. peter.appelros@orebroll.se

|February 13, 2009

Summary

Globally, stroke is more prevalent in men, but women experience more severe illness. This sex-based disparity in stroke outcomes is more pronounced than previously understood.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Area of Science:

Neurology
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Previous epidemiological studies, primarily from Western Europe, indicated a higher stroke incidence in men.
Recent global data reveal sex-specific variations in stroke incidence, prevalence, subtypes, severity, and case-fatality.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a worldwide review of sex differences in stroke epidemiology.
To synthesize current global data on stroke's impact across different sexes.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed, tables-of-contents, and reference lists for community-based studies.
Inclusion of non-community-based studies for specific areas like secular trends and stroke subtypes.
Calculation of male/female ratios to quantify sex differences.

Main Results:

Analysis of 98 articles, including 59 incidence studies from 19 countries across 5 continents.
Men had a 33% higher stroke incidence rate and 41% higher prevalence than women.
Women experienced more severe strokes, with a higher 1-month case fatality rate (24.7% vs. 19.7% in men).

Conclusions:

Stroke is globally more common in men, but women face more severe health consequences.
Significant sex-based disparities in stroke epidemiology and outcomes exist worldwide.