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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification
10:59

Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification

Published on: July 26, 2019

Pricing in vitro fertilization procedures.

Anthony J Dukes1, Rajeev K Tyagi

  • 1Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. dukes@marshall.usc.edu

Health Economics
|February 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial reproductive clinics use money-back guarantees (MBGs) for in vitro fertilization to segment patients and offer risk-sharing. This impacts patient choices and overall social welfare in fertility treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a costly and uncertain procedure.
  • Pricing strategies in healthcare services are complex.
  • Money-back guarantees (MBGs) are emerging in specialized medical fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the economic rationale behind MBGs in IVF.
  • To assess the impact of MBGs on clinic pricing and patient decision-making.
  • To evaluate the effect of MBGs on social welfare in reproductive services.

Main Methods:

  • Economic modeling of clinic pricing strategies.
  • Analysis of consumer choice under uncertainty and risk-sharing.
  • Welfare analysis of market interventions.

Main Results:

  • MBGs enable clinics to segment couples by fertility and risk tolerance.
  • Clinics can offer targeted quantity discounts to less fertile couples.
  • MBGs introduce a form of risk-sharing for expensive, uncertain procedures.

Conclusions:

  • MBGs can alter market dynamics in assisted reproduction.
  • The implementation of MBGs has implications for patient access and affordability.
  • The net effect of MBGs on social welfare requires careful consideration.