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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

A practical framework using odor survey data to prioritize nuisance odors.

G A Burlingame1

  • 1Philadelphia Water Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. gary.burlingame@phila.gov

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|February 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study addresses nuisance odors at wastewater plants by identifying odor sources, assessing their intensity and frequency, and prioritizing mitigation efforts for improved community relations.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nuisance odors from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) negatively impact surrounding communities.
  • Effective odor management requires understanding odor sources, characteristics, and fenceline occurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a practical framework for prioritizing nuisance odor mitigation at WWTP fencelines.
  • To identify key factors contributing to odor nuisance and guide management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 20 fenceline odor surveys at a WWTP between April and November.
  • Collected data on odor type, intensity, and occurrence, considering meteorological factors.
  • Developed a three-step framework: data summarization, annoyance factor calculation, and priority rating.

Main Results:

  • Odor surveys captured variations influenced by wind, stability, and obstructions.
  • A framework was established to quantify odor annoyance based on type and strength.
  • Priority ratings for mitigation were determined using annoyance factors and fenceline occurrence.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework provides a systematic approach to prioritizing nuisance odor mitigation at WWTPs.
  • Addressing odor intensity, quality, and persistence is crucial for effective management.
  • This method aids in improving environmental quality and community satisfaction.