Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood03:34

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles01:28

Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles

Attachment theory, developed initially to explain infant–caregiver bonds, has been extended to illuminate patterns of intimacy in adult romantic relationships. Psychologists Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver proposed that the attachment styles observed in infancy form a framework for how individuals approach emotional closeness and conflict in adulthood. These attachment styles—secure, avoidant, and anxious—are linked to enduring patterns of behavior and emotional regulation in adult relationships.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improving glaucoma referrals in Scotland: developing a national data set for referral from community optometry to the Hospital Eye Service (HES).

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same author

The community optometry workforce in Scotland: supporting sustainable eye care delivery.

Eye (London, England)·2025
Same author

Improving cataract referrals in Scotland: Developing a core mandatory data set for referral from community optometry for cataract surgery.

Eye (London, England)·2024
Same author

Implicit racism, colour blindness, and narrow definitions of discrimination: Why some White people prefer 'All Lives Matter' to 'Black Lives Matter'.

The British journal of social psychology·2021
Same author

Ability of Head-Mounted Display Technology to Improve Mobility in People With Low Vision: A Systematic Review.

Translational vision science & technology·2020
Same author

Functional Imaging of the Outer Retinal Complex using High Fidelity Imaging Retinal Densitometry.

Scientific reports·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

The Successive Alleys Test of Anxiety in Mice and Rats
05:05

The Successive Alleys Test of Anxiety in Mice and Rats

Published on: June 17, 2013

Evaluating the association between anxiety and satisfaction.

Helen Court1, Katy Greenland, Tom H Margrain

  • 1School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. waltersH1@cardiff.ac.uk

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|February 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

High pre-examination anxiety in optometric patients is linked to lower satisfaction after their appointments. Reducing patient anxiety may improve overall satisfaction in eye care settings.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

The Successive Alleys Test of Anxiety in Mice and Rats
05:05

The Successive Alleys Test of Anxiety in Mice and Rats

Published on: June 17, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Optometry
  • Ophthalmology
  • Healthcare Research

Background:

  • Patient satisfaction is a critical metric in optometric practice.
  • The impact of patient anxiety on satisfaction levels in optometry is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between pre-examination anxiety and post-consultation satisfaction in optometric patients.
  • To determine if higher levels of anxiety correlate with lower satisfaction.

Main Methods:

  • 197 participants completed the Optometric Patient Anxiety Scale before their eye exam.
  • Patient satisfaction was measured using the Rapport subscale of the Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale post-examination.
  • Rasch analysis validated the measurement scales.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between optometric patient anxiety and satisfaction (p < 0.01).
  • The validity of the anxiety and satisfaction scales was confirmed for this population.

Conclusions:

  • This study establishes a link between pre-consultation anxiety and post-consultation satisfaction in optometry.
  • Interventions aimed at reducing patient anxiety may enhance patient satisfaction in optometric care.