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Blood pressure references for Polish children and adolescents
Alicja Krzyzaniak1, Małgorzata Krzywińska-Wiewiorowska, Barbara Stawińska-Witoszyńska
1Department of Epidemiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dabrowskiego 79, 60-529 Poznan, Poland.
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to develop age- and gender-specific reference ranges for blood pressure in a large national database on blood pressure levels throughout childhood and adolescence in young Poles. A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in 2002-2005 in the representative sampling sites, selected randomly from the entire Poland. Altogether, 6,447 school pupils, aged 7-18 years, were involved in the study of which 3,176 were boys and 3,271 were girls. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA for Windows 7.1. The normal range of blood pressure, determined by age and the category of body height percentiles, revealed percentiles values which might serve as reference values to identify cases of high normal blood pressure (the mean blood pressure between 90th and 95th percentiles for age and gender) and hypertension (the mean blood pressure equals or exceeds the 95th percentiles on at least three occasions).
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Blood Pressure
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the diastolic...
Blood Pressure
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Assessing Blood Pressure
Sites for measuring blood pressure
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)
Prepare for the Procedure:
