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Perceptions of hostility by persons with and without persecutory delusions.

Dennis R Combs¹, David L Penn, Christopher O Michael

¹Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA. DCombs@uttyler.edu

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

|February 14, 2009

Summary

Individuals with persecutory delusions (PD) exhibit a social-cognitive bias, perceiving hostility in ambiguous situations. This bias was specific to the PD group and not observed in control participants.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Psychiatry
Social Cognition

Background:

Paranoia models suggest ambiguous social cues are perceived as hostile by individuals with persecutory delusions (PD).
A social-cognitive bias for hostility perception may be present in PD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the social-cognitive bias for perceiving hostility in ambiguous situations among individuals with PD.
To compare hostility perception in individuals with PD against psychiatric and nonpsychiatric controls.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ) to assess perceptions of ambiguous situations.
Sample included 32 individuals with PD, 28 psychiatric controls, and 50 nonpsychiatric controls.
Administered measures of paranoia, attributional style, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and public self-consciousness.

Main Results:

Individuals with PD demonstrated significantly higher scores for perceived hostility, blame, and aggression in ambiguous situations on the AIHQ.
The AIHQ Hostility bias score was a significant predictor of paranoid ideation.
This hostility perception bias was specific to the PD group.

Conclusions:

Individuals with persecutory delusions exhibit a specific social-cognitive bias for perceiving hostility in ambiguous social contexts.
This finding supports the role of cognitive biases in the maintenance of persecutory delusions.
Further research is warranted to explore therapeutic interventions targeting this bias.