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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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Published on: February 3, 2023
Generalization of the Price equation for evolutionary change
Benjamin Kerr1, Peter Godfrey-Smith
1Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. kerrb@u.washington.edu
We introduce a new equation for evolutionary change, extending the capabilities of the established Price equation. This novel framework incorporates complex causal links and migration, offering a more comprehensive model for evolutionary dynamics.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary biology
- Quantitative genetics
- Statistical modeling
Background:
- The Price equation is a fundamental tool for describing evolutionary change.
- Existing models may not fully capture complex evolutionary processes.
- There is a need for a more generalized framework for evolutionary analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a new, structurally symmetric equation for evolutionary change.
- To develop a model that accommodates arbitrary causal connectivity.
- To integrate previously unaddressed processes like migration into evolutionary equations.
Main Methods:
- Development of a novel, structurally symmetric mathematical equation.
- Demonstration of how the new equation encompasses the Price equation as a special case.
- Theoretical framework allowing for arbitrary causal relationships between ancestors and descendants.
Main Results:
- The new equation provides a more general description of evolutionary change.
- It explicitly accounts for processes such as migration.
- The framework supports complex, non-linear causal interactions in evolution.
Conclusions:
- The proposed equation offers a powerful and flexible tool for studying diverse evolutionary phenomena.
- This generalized approach enhances our ability to model complex evolutionary dynamics.
- The framework has broad applicability in evolutionary biology and related fields.
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