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Related Concept Videos

Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)
07:44

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)

Published on: September 27, 2010

Laterality indices in the Chuvashian population.

Leonid Kalichman1, Michael Korostishevsky, Eugene Kobyliansky

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht Uber Die Biologisch-Anthropologische Literatur
|February 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study on the Chuvashian population found right-handedness, a right dominant eye, and right hand clasping to be most common. Handedness (HDD) showed high heritability, unlike dominant eye (DE), hand clasping (HCL), or arm folding (ARMF).

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Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
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Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)
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Published on: September 27, 2010

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Human Genetics
  • Population Studies

Background:

  • Lateralization of functions, including handedness, eye dominance, hand clasping, and arm folding, is a well-documented phenomenon in humans.
  • Understanding the population-specific frequencies and familial correlations of these traits is crucial for insights into human development and genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of right or left dominance in handedness (HDD), dominant eye (DE), hand clasping (HCL), and arm folding (ARMF) within the Chuvashian population.
  • To investigate the familial correlations and heritability of these lateralization traits in the studied cohort.
  • To analyze the combined patterns of these traits and their sex-specific differences.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 235 Chuvashian nuclear families from Russia was studied, including 595 men and 592 women.
  • Data on handedness, dominant eye, hand clasping, and arm folding were collected and analyzed for frequencies and patterns.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to assess sex differences, familial correlations, and heritability estimates for each trait.

Main Results:

  • The most frequent pattern observed was right-handedness, right dominant eye, right hand clasping, and left arm folding.
  • Prevalence of left-handedness was 9.08% in males and 9.98% in females; left dominant eye was 22.84% in males and 21.81% in females.
  • Significant correlations were found between handedness and hand clasping, handedness and dominant eye, and hand clasping and dominant eye. Arm folding showed a significant sex difference (p = 0.016).
  • High heritability was estimated for handedness (h2 = 0.19), but not for dominant eye, hand clasping, or arm folding.

Conclusions:

  • Right-sided dominance is prevalent for handedness, eye dominance, and hand clasping in the Chuvashian population, with left arm folding being common.
  • While handedness demonstrates significant heritability, other investigated traits like dominant eye, hand clasping, and arm folding do not show clear evidence of heritability in this population.
  • The findings highlight population-specific patterns of lateralization and underscore the complex genetic underpinnings of these human traits.