Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A human-mouse atlas of intrarenal myeloid cells identifies conserved disease-associated macrophages in lupus nephritis.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2025
Same author

Immune mechanisms of protection against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-centers.

Frontiers in immunology·2024
Same author

TLR2 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells promotes control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

European journal of immunology·2024
Same author

Impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Glycolipids on the CD4+ T Cell-Macrophage Immunological Synapse.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2023
Same author

The NQR Complex Regulates the Immunomodulatory Function of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2023
Same author

The quest for vaccine-induced immune correlates of protection against tuberculosis.

Vaccine insights·2023
Same journal

A blind spot of human T cell immunology: epitope specificity in secondary lymphoid organs.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
Same journal

Germinal center responses at barrier organ sites.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
Same journal

Ocular sarcoidosis: from clinical signs to targeted interventions.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
Same journal

On or within: spatial determinants of antigen handling in the nasal turbinates.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
Same journal

Decoding the complexity of intestinal immunity with spatial transcriptomics.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
Same journal

Reconsidering the immunological aspects of solid-phase assays for antiphospholipid antibodies detection.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages
10:33

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Published on: October 25, 2017

MHC molecules and microbial antigen processing in phagosomes.

Lakshmi Ramachandra1, Daimon Simmons, Clifford V Harding

  • 1Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|February 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Macrophages and dendritic cells process antigens within phagosomes for immune presentation. Understanding these processes can lead to new strategies for eliminating bacterial pathogens.

More Related Videos

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages
08:06

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages

Published on: March 10, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages
10:33

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Published on: October 25, 2017

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages
08:06

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages

Published on: March 10, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Macrophages and dendritic cells are key antigen-presenting cells.
  • These cells internalize pathogens and antigens into phagosomes.
  • Phagosomal function is critical for adaptive immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore host and bacterial factors influencing phagosomal antigen processing.
  • To understand how phagosomes balance degradation and antigen presentation.
  • To identify potential targets for novel anti-pathogen strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated phagosome maturation and function.
  • Analyzed antigen processing pathways within phagosomes.
  • Examined interactions between host cells and bacterial components.

Main Results:

  • Identified critical host factors regulating phagosomal proteolysis.
  • Characterized bacterial mechanisms evading phagosomal degradation.
  • Demonstrated the link between phagosomal processing and T cell activation.

Conclusions:

  • Phagosomal antigen processing is a complex interplay of host and microbial factors.
  • Targeting phagosomal pathways offers a promising avenue for developing new antimicrobial therapies.
  • Further research into phagosome-host-pathogen interactions is warranted.