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Applications Of NMR In Biology

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

Published on: March 13, 2019

Mobile sensor for high resolution NMR spectroscopy and imaging.

Ernesto Danieli¹, Jörg Mauler, Juan Perlo

¹Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)

|February 17, 2009

Summary

This study presents a mobile Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) tomograph with a highly homogeneous magnetic field, achieving significant linewidth reduction for improved Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

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Published on: March 13, 2019

High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States

High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States

Published on: June 29, 2021

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Spectroscopy
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

Developing mobile Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems requires overcoming challenges in magnetic field homogeneity.
Halbach arrays offer a compact magnet design but present inherent field inhomogeneities.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct a mobile Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) tomograph with a highly homogeneous magnetic field.
To demonstrate the system's capability for fast MRI and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

Construction of a 0.22T Halbach array magnet using permanent magnet blocks.
Implementation of a shim strategy with movable magnet blocks to correct field inhomogeneities.
Acquisition of 3D MRI images using a Rapid Acquisition Relaxation Enhancement (RARE) sequence.
Performance of proton (1H) NMR spectroscopy with reduced sample volumes.

Main Results:

Achieved a reduction in spectral linewidth from approximately 20 kHz to less than 0.1 kHz (over two orders of magnitude) in a 21 cm³ volume.
Obtained 3D MRI images of objects within short experimental times.
Attained sub-parts per million (ppm) resolution in 1H NMR spectra for a 1 cm³ sample volume.

Conclusions:

The developed mobile NMR tomograph demonstrates effective magnetic field shimming for high-quality MRI and spectroscopy.
The system enables rapid 3D imaging and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy in a mobile platform.