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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
07:13

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

Published on: May 18, 2020

Synaptic AMPA receptor plasticity and behavior.

Helmut W Kessels1, Roberto Malinow

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0634, USA. hkessels@ucsd.edu

Neuron
|February 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptic plasticity, the brain

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A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking
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Long-term Potentiation of Perforant Pathway-dentate Gyrus Synapse in Freely Behaving Mice
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
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Published on: May 18, 2020

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking
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A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

Published on: January 28, 2019

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Long-term Potentiation of Perforant Pathway-dentate Gyrus Synapse in Freely Behaving Mice

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Behavioral change relies on modifying brain synapses.
  • Synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), involves altering synaptic strength.
  • These changes are mediated by the insertion or removal of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) at synapses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies utilizing animal models to investigate AMPAR trafficking.
  • To demonstrate how AMPAR trafficking underlies experience-driven phenomena.
  • To highlight the potential of targeting AMPAR trafficking for studying cognitive functions and dysfunctions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on animal models.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on AMPAR trafficking mechanisms.
  • Correlation of AMPAR trafficking with behavioral modifications and neuronal circuit formation.

Main Results:

  • AMPAR trafficking is a key mechanism for synaptic plasticity.
  • Experience-driven phenomena, from circuit formation to behavior modification, are underpinned by AMPAR trafficking.
  • Animal models provide valuable insights into these processes.

Conclusions:

  • AMPAR trafficking is fundamental to experience-dependent brain changes.
  • Monitoring and manipulating AMPAR trafficking in animal models offers a promising approach to understand cognitive processes.
  • This strategy can aid in studying cognitive disorders and developing potential interventions.