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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection
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Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Published on: May 24, 2020

Rapid host adaptation by extensive recombination.

Eric van der Walt1, Edward P Rybicki2,1, Arvind Varsani3,1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

The Journal of General Virology
|February 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel experimental method to investigate virus recombination, revealing its efficiency in maize streak virus (MSV) and identifying key mechanisms driving its evolution.

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Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Virus recombination is a fundamental biological process crucial for viral evolution and adaptation.
  • Understanding the mechanisms and evolutionary significance of recombination is vital for controlling viral diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile experimental scheme for studying recombination in any recombinogenic virus.
  • To elucidate the biochemical mechanisms and evolutionary contributions of recombination.
  • To precisely map recombination breakpoints and their determinants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing defective reciprocal chimeras in mixed infections to study viral recombination.
  • Exploiting fitness differences between synthetic chimeric genomes and wild-type viruses.
  • Employing maize streak virus (MSV), a small single-stranded DNA geminivirus, as a model system.

Main Results:

  • The experimental scheme is applicable to various viruses, including MSV.
  • Adaptive recombination in MSV is highly efficient, generating progeny with up to 18 breakpoints.
  • Recombination breakpoint patterns strongly correlate with rolling circle replication mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed experimental approach provides precise insights into recombination frequencies and breakpoint distributions.
  • Recombination plays a significant role in the evolution of viruses like MSV.
  • Rolling circle replication mechanisms are key drivers of recombination breakpoint patterns in MSV.