Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
Published on: April 1, 2018
Academic performance in ADHD when controlled for comorbid learning disorders, family income, and parental education
Giuseppe Mario Carmine Pastura1, Paulo Mattos, Alexandra Prufer de Queiroz Campos Araújo
1Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. giuseppe.pastura@terra.com.br
Objective:
Scholastic achievement in a nonclinical sample of ADHD children and adolescents was evaluated taking into consideration variables such as comorbid learning disorders, family income, and parental education which may also be associated with poor academic performance.
Method:
After screening for ADHD in 396 students, the authors compared academic performance of 26 ADHD individuals and 31 controls paired for gender, age, and intelligence level considering both mathematics and Portuguese language scores. Learning disorders were investigated and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV ) criteria were met using structured interviews.
Results:
The prevalence of academic underachievement was 2.98 times higher in students with ADHD, the most frequent subtype being predominantly inattentive. Parental educational level, family income, and comorbid learning disorders could not explain the discrepancies between ADHD students and controls.
Conclusions:
ADHD seems to be associated with poor academic performance even in the absence of comorbid learning disorders, lower family income, and parental educational level.
More Related Videos
05:48The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
Published on: June 12, 2020
12:55Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Related Concept Videos
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Learning Disabilities
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Information Processing Approach
Environmental Influences on Intelligence
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Conduct Disorder