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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
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Published on: January 21, 2018

Food allergens and respiratory symptoms.

M Jesenak1, Z Rennerova, E Babusikova

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius School of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia. jesenak@gmail.com

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology : an Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society
|February 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The atopy patch test aids in diagnosing food allergies causing respiratory issues in children. Positive tests for wheat and egg allergies correlate with symptoms like cough, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, and asthma.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical immunology and allergy
  • Pediatric respiratory medicine

Background:

  • Food allergies can manifest as diverse respiratory symptoms.
  • Cellular-mediated immune reactions are implicated in some food allergies.
  • The atopy patch test (APT) is a novel diagnostic tool for delayed hypersensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of positive atopy patch tests (APTs) to food and inhalant allergens in children.
  • To correlate APT positivity with atopic and non-atopic respiratory symptoms and diseases.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of APTs in pediatric respiratory allergies.

Main Methods:

  • Study conducted on an unselected pediatric population.
  • Prevalence of positive APTs to food and inhalant allergens was assessed.
  • Correlation analysis between APT results and questionnaire-derived respiratory symptoms/diseases.

Main Results:

  • Positive APT results for wheat correlated with cough after exertion, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, and recurrent bronchitis.
  • Positive skin reactions to egg were associated with allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and bronchial asthma.
  • A significant correlation was observed between positive skin test results and the history of respiratory diseases/symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Food and inhalant allergens are significant contributors to respiratory allergic diseases in children.
  • The atopy patch test is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying food allergies linked to respiratory symptoms.
  • Population-level correlations support the use of skin tests in the work-up of pediatric respiratory allergies.