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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to force01:25

Introduction to force

Consider water flowing from a nozzle to a turbine vane. As the water hits the turbine vane, it exerts a force that causes it to move along the flow of direction. Force is an impact that changes an object's motion, shape, or orientation. Forces can be caused by physical contact, such as a push or pull, or through non-contact interactions, such as magnetic or gravitational forces. Force is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction, and is measured in newtons (N) in the SI unit system.
Free-falling Bodies: Introduction01:07

Free-falling Bodies: Introduction

All objects, neglecting air resistance, fall with the same acceleration towards the Earth's center due to the force exerted by the Earth's gravity. This experimentally determined fact is unexpected because we are so accustomed to the effects of air resistance and friction that we expect light objects to fall slower than heavier ones. People believed that a heavier object had a greater acceleration when falling until Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) proved otherwise. We now know this is not the case.
Introduction to Wood01:19

Introduction to Wood

Wood, derived from trees, is a versatile and widely used construction material. Trees feature a trunk surrounded by a protective layer of dead bark. Beneath this outer layer lies the living bark, followed by the cambium, and then the sapwood which transitions into heartwood as it matures. At the center of the trunk is the pith. The age of a tree can be discerned by examining its growth rings, which are concentric bands visible in the trunk's cross-section.
The structural integrity of the wood...
Introduction to Structures01:30

Introduction to Structures

A structure is defined as a system of interconnected members designed to support or transfer forces and successfully withstand the loads acting on them. The internal forces of a structure can be determined by decomposing the structure and analyzing the free-body diagrams of the individual members or of a combination of members. This helps in understanding the structural elements' behavior and ensuring that the structure is stable and can withstand the subjected loads.
There are three main...
Introduction to the Skeletal System01:20

Introduction to the Skeletal System

The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...
Introduction to Scalars01:21

Introduction to Scalars

Many familiar physical quantities can be specified completely by giving a single number and the appropriate unit. For example, "a class period lasts 50 min," or "the gas tank in my car holds 65 L," or "the distance between the two posts is 100 m." A physical quantity that can be specified completely in this manner is called a scalar quantity. The word "scalar" is a synonym for "number." Time, mass, distance, length, volume, temperature, and energy are some examples of scalar quantities.
Scalar...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Systematic Bronchoscopy: the Four Landmarks Approach
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Published on: June 23, 2023

Foreword.

I D Learmonth1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Bristol, Bristol - UK.

Hip International : the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Research on Hip Pathology and Therapy
|February 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The PROXIMA implant offers a bone-conserving approach for total hip replacement, preserving bone density and optimizing load transfer in younger patients. This stemless, metaphyseal loading implant facilitates minimally invasive surgery and better long-term bone health.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Bone Physiology

Background:

  • Patient demographics for total hip replacement are shifting towards younger individuals seeking improved quality of life.
  • Traditional cemented implants may not be ideal for younger patients due to bone conservation concerns.
  • Conservative surgical approaches aim to spare soft tissues and preserve bone stock for future interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and clinical heritage of the PROXIMA short, stemless metaphyseal loading implant.
  • To evaluate the biomechanical properties and bone densitometry outcomes of the PROXIMA implant.
  • To assess the suitability of the PROXIMA for minimally invasive surgical techniques and bone preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biomechanical studies on the PROXIMA implant's stability and load transfer.

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  • Bone densitometry (DEXA scans) comparing PROXIMA to other cementless femoral implants.
  • Analysis of surgical techniques, including the 'round the corner' insertion and 'MicroHip' approach.

    • Main Results:

    • PROXIMA achieves excellent axial and rotational stability in cancellous bone, moving with the surrounding bone.
    • PROXIMA optimizes load transfer to the metaphysis, reducing shear stress and promoting bone remodeling.
    • DEXA confirmed PROXIMA preferentially loads metaphyseal bone, unlike some other implants that cause stress shielding.

    Conclusions:

    • The PROXIMA implant represents a bone-preserving, metaphyseal loading option for total hip replacement.
    • Its design and insertion techniques are well-suited for younger patients and minimally invasive surgery.
    • PROXIMA facilitates optimal load transfer, potentially preserving proximal femur bone stock for the long term.