Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Global Regulatory Systems

Global Regulatory Systems

Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...

Stringent Response in E. coli

Stringent Response in E. coli

Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The gyr genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are repressed by the factor for inversion stimulation, Fis.

Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG·2003

Same author

Shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457T expresses three members of the H-NS-like protein family: characterization of the Sfh protein.

Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG·2003

Same author

Requirement for the molecular adapter function of StpA at the Escherichia coli bgl promoter depends upon the level of truncated H-NS protein.

Molecular microbiology·2001

Same author

Regulation of virulence gene expression in Shigella flexneri, a facultative intracellular pathogen.

International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM·2001

Same author

A role for the Escherichia coli H-NS-like protein StpA in OmpF porin expression through modulation of micF RNA stability.

Molecular microbiology·2000

Same author

The virulence plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium contains an autoregulated gene, rlgA, that codes for a resolvase-like DNA binding protein.

Plasmid·2000

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

Published on: February 19, 2019

Global regulators and environmental adaptation in Gram-negative pathogens.

¹Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, UK. cjdorman@tcd.ie

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

|February 18, 2009

Summary

Salmonella enterica uses global regulators like Fis and H-NS, along with DNA superhelicity, to adapt gene expression during infection. This bacterial adaptation is crucial for survival both inside and outside host cells.

More Related Videos

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Published on: June 30, 2016

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

Published on: February 19, 2019

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Published on: June 30, 2016

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Bacterial Pathogenesis
Genomics

Background:

Bacteria possess regulatory circuits enabling adaptation to environmental changes during infection.
Salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen with complex adaptive mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To illustrate how bacterial regulatory circuits adapt gene expression during infection.
To highlight the roles of global regulators and DNA superhelicity in bacterial adaptation.

Main Methods:

Combined single-gene studies and whole-genome approaches.
Investigated nucleoid-associated proteins Fis and H-NS.
Analyzed fluctuations in DNA superhelicity.

Main Results:

Demonstrated collaboration between Fis, H-NS, and DNA superhelicity.
Showcased modification of gene expression profiles in Salmonella.
Illustrated bacterial adaptation both inside and outside the host.

Conclusions:

Global regulators and DNA superhelicity are key players in bacterial adaptation.
Understanding these mechanisms is vital for studying bacterial pathogenesis.
Salmonella enterica serves as a model for these adaptive strategies.