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Cloning of a growth arrest-specific and transforming growth factor beta-regulated gene, TI 1, from an epithelial cell
B Kallin1, R de Martin, T Etzold
1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
Abstract:
By cDNA cloning and differential screening, five genes that are regulated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) in mink lung epithelial cells were identified. A novel membrane protein gene, TI 1, was identified which was downregulated by TGF beta and serum in quiescent cells. In actively growing cells, the TI 1 gene is rapidly and transiently induced by TGF beta, and it is overexpressed in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. It appears to be related to a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that are expressed on lymphocytes and tumor cells. The four other genes were all induced by TGF beta and correspond to the genes of collagen alpha type I, fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and the monocyte chemotactic cell-activating factor (JE gene) previously shown to be TGF beta regulated.
Insights
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) regulates five genes in mink lung cells. A novel membrane protein gene, TI 1, shows complex regulation by TGF beta, while other identified genes include collagen and fibronectin.
Area of Science:
- Cell biology
- Molecular biology
- Gene regulation
Background:
- Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) is a crucial cytokine involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
- Understanding TGF beta's regulatory mechanisms is vital for comprehending normal cellular functions and disease pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify novel genes regulated by TGF beta in mink lung epithelial cells.
- To characterize the expression patterns of these TGF beta-responsive genes.
Main Methods:
- cDNA cloning
- Differential screening
- Gene expression analysis in quiescent and actively growing cells
- Investigation of gene expression in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors
Main Results:
- Five TGF beta-regulated genes were identified in mink lung epithelial cells.
- A novel membrane protein gene, TI 1, was discovered; it is downregulated by TGF beta in quiescent cells and rapidly induced by TGF beta in growing cells, with overexpression in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors.
- Four other genes induced by TGF beta were identified as collagen alpha type I, fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and the monocyte chemotactic cell-activating factor (JE gene).
Conclusions:
- TGF beta exerts complex regulatory control over a diverse set of genes in epithelial cells.
- The novel TI 1 gene, potentially involved in cell signaling or adhesion, represents a new target for studying TGF beta's effects.
- The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of TGF beta-mediated gene expression and its implications in cellular processes.